THE EPISTLE OF IGNATIUS TO THE MAGNESIANS SHORTER AND LONGER VERSIONS.
Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the [Church] blessed in the grace of God the Father, in Jesus Christ our Saviour, in whom I salute the Church which is at Magnesia, near the Moeander, and wish it abundance of happiness in God the father, and in Jesus Christ. Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the [Church] blessed in the grace of God the Father, in Jesus Christ our Saviour, in whom I salute the Church which is at Magnesia, near the Moeander, and wish it abundance of happiness in God the Father, and in Jesus Christ, our Lord, in whom may you have abundance of happiness.
CHAP. I.--REASON OF WRITING THE EPISTLE.
HAVING been informed of your godly(1) love, so well-ordered,
I rejoiced greatly, and determined to commune with
you in the faith of Jesus Christ. For as one who has
been thought worthy of the most honourable of all names,(2)
in those bonds which I bear about, I commend the Churches,
in which I pray for a union both of the flesh and spirit
of Jesus Christ, the constant source of our life, and
of faith and love, to which nothing is to be preferred,
but especially of Jesus and the Father, in whom, if
we endure all the assaults of the prince of this world,
and escape them, we shall enjoy God.
HAVING been informed of your godly(1) love, so well-ordered,
I rejoiced greatly, and determined to commune with
you in the faith of Jesus Christ. For as one who has
been thought worthy of a divine and desirable name,
in those bonds which I bear about, I commend the Churches,
in which I pray for a union both of the flesh and spirit
of Jesus Christ, "who is the Saviour of all men,
but specially of them that believe;"(3) by whose
blood ye were redeemed; by whom ye have known God,
or rather have been known by Him;(4) in whom enduring,
ye shall escape all the assaults of this world: for
"He is faithful, who will not suffer you to be
tempted above that which ye are able."(5)
CHAP. II.--I REJOICE IN YOUR MESSENGERS.
Since, then, I have had the privilege of seeing
you, through Damas your most worthy bishop, and through
your worthy presbyters Bassus and Apollonius, and through
my fellow-servant the deacon Sotio, whose friendship
may I ever enjoy, inasmuch as he is subject to the
bishop as to the grace of God, and to the presbytery
as to the law of Jesus Christ, [I now write(8) to you].
Since, then, I have had the privilege of seeing
you, through Damas your most worthy(6) bishop, and
through your worthy(6) presbyters Bassus and Apollonius,
and through my fellow-servant the deacon Sotio, whose
friendship may I ever enjoy,(7) inasmuch as he, by
the grace of God, is subject to the bishop and presbytery,
in the law of Jesus Christ, [I now write s to you].
60
CHAP. III.--HONOUR YOUR YOUTHFUL BISHOP.
Now it becomes you also not to treat your bishop
too familiarly on account of his youth,(1) but to yield
him all reverence, having respect to(2) the power of
God the Father, as I have known even holy presbyters
do, not judging rashly, from the manifest youthful
appearance(3) [of their bishop], but as being themselves
prudent in God, submitting to him, or rather not to
him, but to the Father of Jesus Christ, the bishop
of us all. It is therefore fitting that you should,
after no hypocritical fashion, obey [your bishop],
in honour of Him who has wired us [so to do], since
he that does not so deceives not [by such conduct]
the bishop that is visible, but seeks to mock Him that
is invisible. And all such conduct has reference not
to man,(10) but to God, who knows all secrets.
Now it becomes you also not to despise the age of
your bishop, but to yield him all reverence, according
to the will of God the Father, as I have known even
holy presbyters do, not having regard to the manifest
youth [of their bishop], but to his knowledge in God;
inasmuch as "not the ancient are [necessarily]
wise, nor do the aged understand prudence; but there
is a spirit in men."(4) For Daniel the wise, at
twelve years of age, became possessed of the divine
Spirit, and convicted the elders, who in vain carried
their grey hairs, of being false accusers, and of lusting
after the beauty of another man's wife.(5) Samuel also,
when he was but a little child, reproved Eli, who was
ninety years old, for giving honour to his sons rather
than to God.(6) In like manner, Jeremiah also received
this message from God, "Say not, I am a child."(7)
Solomon too, and Josiah, [exemplified the same thing.]
The former, being made king at twelve years of age,
gave that terrible and difficult judgment in the case
of the two women concerning their children.(8) The
latter, coming to the throne when eight years old(9)
cast down the altars and temples [of the idols], and
burned down the groves, for they were dedicated to
demons, and not to God. And he slew the false priests,
as the corrupters and deceivers of men, and not the
worshippers of the Deity. Wherefore youth is not to
be despised when it is devoted to God. But he is to
be despised who is of a wicked mind, although he be
old, and full of wicked days.(11) Timothy the Christ-bearer
was young, but hear what his teacher writes to him:
"Let no man despise try youth, but be thou an
example of the believers in word and in conduct."(12)
It is becoming, therefore, that ye also should be obedient
to your bishop, and contradict him in nothing; for
it is a fearful thing to contradict any such person.
For no one does [by such conduct] deceive him that
is visible, but does [in reality] seek to mock Him
that is invisible, who, however, cannot be mocked by
any one. And every such act has respect not to man,
but to God. For God says to Samuel, "They have
not mocked thee, but Me."(13) And Moses declares,
"For their murmuring is not against us, but against
the Lord God."(14) No one of those has, [in fact,]
remained unpunished, who rose up against their superiors.
For Dathan and Abiram did not speak against the law,
but against Moses,(15) and were cast down alive into
Hades. Korah also,(16) and the two hundred and fifty
who conspired with him against Aaron, were destroyed
by fire. Absalom, again,(17) who had slain his brother,
became suspended on a tree, and had his evil-designing
heart thrust through with darts. In like manner was
Abeddadan(18) beheaded for the same reason. Uzziah,(19)
when he presumed to oppose the priests and the priesthood,
was smitten with leprosy. Saul also was dishonoured,(20)
because he did not wait for Samuel the high priest.
It behoves you, therefore, also to reverence your superiors.
61
CHAP, IV.--SOME WICKEDLY ACT INDEPENDENTLY OF THE BISHOP.
It is fitting, then, not only to be called Christians,
but to be so in reality: as some indeed give one the
title of bishop, but do all things without him. Now
such persons seem to me to be not possessed of a good
conscience, seeing they are not stedfastly gathered
together according to the commandment.
It is fitting, then, not only to be called Christians,
but to be so in reality. For it is not the being called
so, but the being really so, that renders a man blessed.
To those who indeed talk of the bishop, but do all
things without him, will He who is the true and first
Bishop, and the only High Priest by nature, declare,
"Why call ye Me Lord, and do not the things which
I say ?"[1] For such persons seem to me not possessed
of a good conscience, but to be simply dissemblers
and hypocrites.
CHAP. V.--DEATH IS THE FATE OF ALL SUCH.
Seeing, then, all things have an end, these two
things are simultaneously set before us--death and
life; and every one shall go unto his own place. For
as there are two kinds of coins, the one of God, the
other of the world, and each of these has its special
character stamped upon it,[so is it also here.][2]
The unbelieving are of this world; but the believing
have, in love, the character of God the Father by Jesus
Christ, by whom, if we are not in readiness to die
into His passion,[3] His life is not in us.
Seeing, then, all things have an end, and there
is set before us life upon our observance[of God's
precepts], but death as the result of disobedience,
and every one, according to the choice he makes, shall
go to his own place, let us flee from death, and make
choice of life. For I remark, that two different characters
are found among men--the one true coin, the other spurious.
The truly devout man is the right kind of coin, stamped
by God Himself. The ungodly man, again, is false coin,
unlawful, spurious, counterfeit, wrought not by God,
but by the devil. I do not mean to say that there are
two different human natures, but that there is one
humanity, sometimes belonging to God, and sometimes
to the devil. If any one is truly religious, he is
a man of God; but if he is irreligious, he is a man
of the devil, made such, not by nature, but by his
own choice. The unbelieving bear the image of the prince
of wickedness. The believing possess the image of their
Prince, God the Father, and Jesus Christ, through whom,
if we are not in readiness to die for the truth into
His passion,[3] His life is not in us.
CHAP. VI.--PRESERVE HARMONY.
Since therefore I have, in the persons before mentioned,
beheld the whole multitude of you in faith and love,
I exhort you to study to do all things with a divine
harmony,[4] while your bishop presides in the place
of God, and your presbyters in the place of the assembly
of the apostles, along with your deacons, who are most
dear to me, and are entrusted with the ministry of
Jesus Christ, who was with the Father before the beginning
of time,[5] and in the end was revealed. Do ye all
then, imitating the same divine conduct,[7] pay respect
to one another, and let no one look upon his neighbour
after the flesh, but do ye continually love each other
in Jesus Christ. Let nothing exist among you that may
divide you ; but be ye united with your bishop, and
those that preside over you, as a type and evidence
of your immortality.[8]
Since therefore I have, in the persons before mentioned,
beheld the whole multitude of you in faith and love,
I exhort you to study to do all things with a divine
harmony,[4] while your bishop presides in the place
of God, and your presbyters in the place of the assembly
of the apostles, along with your deacons, who are most
dear to me, and are entrusted with the ministry of
Jesus Christ. He, being begotten by the Father before
the beginning of time,[5] was God the Word, the only-begotten
Son, and remains the same for ever; for "of His
kingdom there shall be no end,"[6] says Daniel
the prophet. Let us all therefore love one another
in harmony, and let no one look upon his neighbour
according to the flesh, but in Christ Jesus. Let nothing
exist among you which may divide you; but be ye united
with your bishop, being through him subject to God
in Christ.
62
CHAP. VII.--DO NOTHING WITHOUT THE BISHOP AND PRESBYTERS.
As therefore the Lord did nothing without the Father,
being united to Him, neither by Himself nor by the
apostles, so neither do ye anything without the bishop
and presbyters. Neither endeavour that anything appear
reasonable and proper to yourselves apart; but being
come together into the same place, let there be one
prayer, one supplication, one mind, one hope, in love
and in joy undefiled. There is one Jesus Christ, than
whom nothing is more excellent. Do ye therefore all
run together as into one temple of God, as to one altar,
as to one Jesus Christ, who came forth from one Father,
and is with and has gone to one.
As therefore the Lord does nothing without the Father,
for says He, "I can of mine own self do nothing,"[1]
so do ye, neither presbyter, nor deacon, nor layman,
do anything without the bishop. Nor let anything appear
commendable to you which is destitute of his approval.[2]
For every such thing is sinful, and opposed[to the
will of] God. Do ye all come together into the same
place for prayer. Let there be one common supplication,
one mind, one hope, with faith unblameable in Christ
Jesus, than which nothing is more excellent. Do ye
all, as one man, run together into the temple of God,
as unto one altar, to one Jesus Christ, the High Priest
of the unbegotten God.
CHAP, VIII.--CAUTION AGAINST FALSE DOCTRINES.
Be not deceived with strange doctrines, nor with
old fables, which are unprofitable. For if we still
live according to the Jewish law, we acknowledge that
we have not received grace. For the divinest prophets
lived according to Christ Jesus. On this account also
they were persecuted, being inspired by His grace to
fully convince the unbelieving that there is one God,
who has manifested Himself by Jesus Christ His Son,
who is His eternal Word, not proceeding forth from
silence,[5] and who in all things pleased Him that
sent Him.
Be not deceived with strange doctrines, "nor
give heed to fables and endless genealogies,"[3]
and things in which the Jews make their boast. "Old
things are passed away: behold, all things have become
new."[4] For if we still live according to the
Jewish law, and the circumcision of the flesh, we deny
that we have received grace. For the divinest prophets
lived according to Jesus Christ. On this account also
they were persecuted, being inspired by grace to fully
convince the unbelieving that there is one God, the
Almighty, who has manifested Himself by Jesus Christ
His Son, who is His Word, not spoken, but essential.
For He is not the voice of an articulate utterance,
but a substance begotten by divine power, who has in
all things pleased Him that sent Him.[6]
CHAP. IX.--LET US LIVE WITH CHRIST.
If, therefore, those who were brought up in the
ancient order of things[7] have come to the possession
of a new[8] hope, no longer observing the Sabbath,
but living in the observance[10] of the Lord's Day,
on which also our life has sprung up again by Him and
by His death--whom some deny, by which mystery we have
obtained faith,[12] and therefore endure, that we may
be found the disciples of Jesus Christ, our only Master--how
shall we be able to live apart from Him, whose disciples
the prophets themselves in the Spirit did wait for
Him as their Teacher? And therefore He whom they rightly
waited for, being come, raised them from the dead.[16]
If, then, those who were conversant with the ancient
Scriptures came to newness of hope, expecting the coming
of Christ, as the Lord teaches us when He says, "If
ye had believed Moses, ye would have believed Me, for
he wrote of Me;"[9] and again, "Your father
Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it, and
was glad; for before Abraham was, I am; "[11]
how shall we be able to live without Him? The prophets
were His servants, and foresaw Him by the Spirit, and
waited for Him as their Teacher, and expected Him as
their Lord and Saviour, saying, "He will come
and save us."[13] Let us therefore no longer keep
the Sabbath after the Jewish manner, and rejoice in
days of idleness; for "he that does not work,
let him not eat."[14] For say the[holy] oracles,
"In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread."[15]
But let every one of you keep the Sabbath after a spiritual
manner, rejoicing in meditation on the law, not in
relaxation of the body, admiring the work-
63
manship of God, and not eating things prepared the day before, nor using lukewarm drinks, and walking within a prescribed space, nor finding delight in dancing and plaudits which have no sense in them.[1] And after the observance of the Sabbath, let every friend of Christ keep the Lord's Day as a festival, the resurrection-day, the queen and chief of all the days[of the week]. Looking forward to this, the prophet declared, "To the end, for the eighth day,"[2] on which our life both sprang up again, and the victory over death was obtained in Christ, whom the children of perdition, the enemies of the Saviour, deny, "whose god is their belly, who mind earthly things,"[3] who are "lovers of pleasure, and not lovers of God, having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof."[4] These make merchandise of Christ, corrupting His word, and giving up Jesus to sale: they are corrupters of women, and covetous of other men's possessions, swallowing up wealth[5] insatiably; from whom may ye be delivered by the mercy of God through our Lord Jesus Christ!
CHAP. X.--BEWARE OF JUDAIZING.
Let us not, therefore, be insensible to His kindness.
For were He to reward us according to our works, we
should cease to be. Therefore, having become His disciples,
let us learn to live according to the principles of
Christianity.[7] For whosoever is called by any other
name besides this, is not of God. Lay aside, therefore,
the evil, the old, the sour leaven, and be ye changed
into the new leaven, which is Jesus Christ. Be ye salted
in Him, lest any one among you should be corrupted,
since by your savour ye shall be convicted. It is absurd
to profess[12] Christ Jesus, and to Judaize. For Christianity
did not embrace[13] Judaism, but Judaism Christianity,
that so every tongue which believeth might be gathered
together to God.
Let us not, therefore, be insensible to His kindness.
For were He to reward us according to our works, we
should cease to be. For "if Thou, Lord, shalt
mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?"[6]
Let us therefore prove ourselves worthy of that name
which we have received. For whosoever is called by
any other name besides this, he is not of God; for
he has not received the prophecy which speaks thus
concerning us: "The people shall be called by
a new name, which the Lord shall name them, and shall
be a holy people."[8] This was first fulfilled
in Syria; for "the disciples were called Christians
at Antioch,"[9] when Paul and Peter were laying
the foundations of the Church. Lay aside, therefore,
the evil, the old, the corrupt leaven,[10] and be ye
changed into the new leaven of grace. Abide in Christ,
that the stranger[11] may not have dominion over you.
It is absurd to speak of Jesus Christ with the tongue,
and to cherish in the mind a Judaism which has now
come to an end. For where there is Christianity there
cannot be Judaism. For Christ is one, in whom every
nation that believes, and every tongue that confesses,
is gathered unto God. And those that were of a stony
heart have become the children of Abraham, the friend
of God;[14] and in his seed all those have been blessed[15]
who were ordained to eternal life[16] in Christ.
CHAP. XI.--I WRITE THESE THINGS TO WARN YOU.
These things[I address to you], my beloved, not
that I know any of you to be in such a state;[17] but,
as less than any of you, I desire to guard you beforehand,
that ye fall not upon the hooks of vain doctrine, but
that
These things[I address to you], my beloved, not
that I know any of you to be in such a state;[17] but,
as less than any of you, I desire to guard you beforehand,
that ye fall not upon the hooks of vain doctrine, but
that you may rather attain to a full assurance in Christ,
who was begotten by the Father before all ages, but
was afterwards
64
ye attain to full assurance in regard to the birth, and passion, and resurrection which took place in the time of the government of Pontius Pilate, being truly and certainly accomplished by Jesus Christ, who is our hope,[1] from which may no one of you ever be turned aside. Born of the Virgin Mary without any intercourse with man. He also lived a holy life, and healed every kind of sickness and disease among the people, and wrought signs and wonders for the benefit of men; and to those who had fallen into the error of polytheism He made known the one and only true God, His Father, and underwent the passion, and endured the cross at the hands of the Christ-killing Jews, under Pontius Pilate the governor and Herod the king. He also died, and rose again, and ascended into the heavens to Him that sent Him, and is sat down at His right hand, and shall come at the end of the world, with His Father's glory, to judge the living and the dead, and to render to every one according to his works.[2] He who knows these things with a full assurance, and believes them, is happy; even as ye are now the lovers of God and of Christ, in the full assurance of our hope, from which may no one of us[3] ever be turned aside!
CHAP. XII.--YE ARE SUPERIOR TO ME.
May I enjoy you in all respects, if indeed I be
worthy! For though I am bound, I am not worthy to be
compared to any of you that are at liberty. I know
that ye are not puffed up, for ye have Jesus Christ
in yourselves. And all the more when I commend you,
I know that ye cherish modesty[4] of spirit; as it
is written, "The righteous man is his own accuser."[5]
May I enjoy you in all respects, if indeed I be
worthy! For though I am bound, I am not worthy to be
compared to one of you that are at liberty. I know
that ye are not puffed up, for ye have Jesus in yourselves.
And all the more when I commend you, I know that ye
cherish modesty[4] of spirit; as it is written, "The
righteous man is his own accuser;"[5] and again,
"Declare thou first thine iniquities, that thou
mayest be justified;"[6] and again, "When
ye shall have done all things that are commanded you,
say, We are unprofitable servants;"[7] "for
that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination
in the sight of God."[8] For says[the Scripture],
"God be merciful to me a sinner."[9] Therefore
those great ones, Abraham and Job,[10] styled themselves
"dust and ashes[11] before God. And David says,
"Who am I before Thee, 0 Lord, that Thou hast
glorified me hitherto?"[12] And Moses, who was
"the meekest of all men,"[13] saith to God,
"I am of a feeble voice, and of a slow tongue."[14]
Be ye therefore also of a humble spirit, that ye may
be exalted; for "he that abaseth himself shall
be exalted, and he that exalteth himself shall be abased."[15]]
CHAP. XIII.--BE ESTABLISHED IN FAITH AND UNITY.
Study, therefore, to be established in the doctrines
of the Lord and the apostles, that so all things, whatsoever
ye do, may prosper both in the flesh and spirit; in
faith and love; in the Son, and in the Father, and
in the Spirit; in the beginning and in the end; with
your most admirable bishop, and the well-compacted
spiritual crown of your presbytery, and the deacons
who are according to God. Be ye subject to the bishop,
and to one another, as Jesus Christ to the Father,
Study, therefore, to be established in the doctrines
of the Lord and the apostles, that so all things, whatsoever
ye do, may prosper, both in the flesh and spirit, in
faith and love, with your most admirable bishop, and
the well-compacted[16] spiritual crown of your presbytery,
and the deacons who are according to God. Be ye subject
to the bishop, and to one another, as Christ to the
Father. that there may be a unity according to God
among you.
65
according to the flesh, and the apostles to Christ, and to the Father, and to the Spirit; that so there may be a union beth fleshly and spiritual.
CHAP. XIV.--YOUR PRAYERS REQUESTED.
Knowing as I do that ye are full of God, I have
but briefly exhorted you. Be mindful of me in your
prayers, that I may attain to God; and of the Church
which is in Syria, whence I am not worthy to derive
my name: for I stand in need of your united prayer
in God, and your love, that the Church which is in
Syria may be "deemed worthy of being refreshed[2]
by your Church.
Knowing as I do that ye are full of all good, I
have but briefly exhorted you in the love of Jesus
Christ. Be mindful of me in your prayers, that I may
attain to God; and of the Church which is in Syria,
of whom I am not worthy to be called bishop. For I
stand in need of your united prayer in God, and of
your love, that the Church which is in Syria may be
deemed worthy, by your good order, of being edified[1]
in Christ.
CHAP. XV.--SALUTATIONS.
The Ephesians from Smyrna(whence I also write to you),
who are here for the glory of God, as ye also are,
who have in all things refreshed me, salute you, along
with Polycarp, the bishop of the Smyrnaeans. The rest
of the Churches, in honour of Jesus Christ, also salute
you. Fare ye well in the harmony of God, ye who have
obtained the inseparable Spirit, who is Jesus Christ.
The Ephesians from Smyrna(whence I also write to
you), who are here for the glory of God, as ye also
are, who have in all things refreshed me, salute you,
as does also Polycarp. The rest of the Churches, in
honour of Jesus Christ, also salute you. Fare ye well
in harmony, ye who have obtained the inseparable Spirit,
in Christ Jesus, by the will of God.
66
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The Real Jesus: Who is the Real Jesus? Ever since the dawn of modern rationalism, skeptics have sought to use textual criticism, archaeology and historical reconstructions to uncover the "historical Jesus" -- a wise teacher who said many wonderful things, but fulfilled no prophecies, performed no miracles and certainly did not rise from the dead in triumph over sin. Over the past 100 years, however, startling discoveries in biblical archaeology and scholarship have all but vanquished the faulty assumptions of these doubting modernists. Regretably, these discoveries have often been ignored by the skeptics as well as by the popular media. As a result, the liberal view still holds sway in universities and impacts the culture and even much of the church.
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This presentation explodes the myths of these critics and the movies, books and television programs that have popularized their views.
Presented in ten parts -- perfect for individual, family and classroom study -- viewers will be challenged to go deeper in their knowledge of Christ in order to be able to defend their faith and present the truth to a skeptical modern world – that the Jesus of the Gospels is the Jesus of history -- "the same yesterday, today and forever" (Hebrews 13:8). He is the real Jesus. Speakers include: George Grant, Ted Baehr, Stephen Mansfield, Raymond Ortlund, Phil Kayser, David Lutzweiler, Jay Grimstead, J.P. Holding, and Eric Holmberg. Ten parts, over two hours of instruction! Running Time: 130 minutes
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Who is the dreaded beast of Revelation? Now at last, a plausible candidate for this personification of evil incarnate has been identified (or re-identified). Ken Gentry's insightful analysis of scripture and history is likely to revolutionize your understanding of the book of Revelation -- and even more importantly -- amplify and energize your entire Christian worldview! Historical footage and other graphics are used to illustrate the lecture Dr. Gentry presented at the 1999 Ligonier Conference in Orlando, Florida. It is followed by a one-hour question and answer session addressing the key concerns and objections typically raised in response to his position. This presentation also features an introduction that touches on not only the confusion and controversy surrounding this issue -- but just why it may well be one of the most significant issues facing the Church today. Ideal for group meetings, personal Bible study -- for anyone who wants to understand the historical context of John's famous letter "... to the seven churches which are in Asia." (Revelation 1:4) |
(Available in DVD only) $17.95 ORDER NOW!
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INCLUDES A FREE Sixteen Christian leaders and scholars answer some of the most common questions and misperceptions related to this volatile issue: Download the free |
Perfect for group instruction as well as personal
Bible study. Speakers include: George Grant, Howard Phillips,
R.C. Sproul Jr., Ken Gentry, Gary DeMar, Jay Grimstead, R.J. Rushdoony,
Steven Schlissel, Andrew Sandlin, Eric Holmberg, and more!
Ten parts, over four hours of instruction! Watch over 60 streaming videos from God's Law and Society at:
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Over four hours of instruction! Just what is “Calvinism?” Does this teaching make man a deterministic robot and God the author of sin? What about free will? If the church accepts Calvinism, won’t evangelism be stifled, perhaps even extinguished? How can we balance God’s sovereignty and man’s responsibility? What are the differences between historic Calvinism and hyper-Calvinism? Why did men like Augustine, Luther, Calvin, Spurgeon, Whitefield, Edwards and a host of renowned Protestant evangelists embrace the teaching of predestination and election and deny free will theology? This is the first video documentary that answers these and other related questions. Hosted by Eric Holmberg, this fascinating three-part, four-hour presentation is detailed enough so as to not gloss over the controversy. At the same time, it is broken up into ten “Sunday-school-sized” sections to make the rich content manageable and accessible for the average viewer. |
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